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Circularity as a pillar of the EU's critical raw materials strategy

E-paper
The EU has made circularity central to its critical raw materials strategy, with the Clean Industrial Deal and forthcoming Circular Economy Act as key instruments. Four policy pillars show real ambition — but blind spots persist: recycling faces structural limits, international partnerships remain underdeveloped, and export restrictions risk a "circular divide" between wealthy and developing economies. Our new e-paper by Cláudia Azevedo analyses what the EU is getting right, and where it must go further.

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