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Affordable renewable heating with heat pumps

Affordable renewable heating with heat pumps

Published: 8 July 2026
Infographic
Europe cannot afford fossil fuels for heating our homes. The good news: We have an abundant potential of domestic renewable energy sources. The infographic shows how heat pumps replace fossil fuels. They can run on renewable power from the electricity grid or from solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftop and tap into the different renewable heat sources such as ambient air, geothermal heat or warm waste water. Like other renewable heat suppliers, they can also feed into district heat networks that connect different consumers. We explain which solutions make these technologies accessible for all.
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Unlocking the ECB’s green potential

Published: 20 May 2026
E-paper
A new report gives a clear pathway for the ECB to be playing a much bigger role in making the green transition affordable. It suggests alternative steps that would speed up and key actions that are needed to fight climate change on a larger scale. The report also warns that the EU’s new Omnibus legislative package – which weakens corporate sustainability reporting – could reduce the availability of high-quality green data. This would make it harder for the ECB to run the most ambitious version of a green refinancing programme.

Climate, Trade & Legitimacy

Published: 19 May 2026
Study
BCAs like the EU's CBAM pit a commodity grammar of competitive fairness against a responsibility grammar rooted in historical causation while simultaneously contesting who sets the terms of climate governance. This report maps that tension through justice and sovereignty.
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Circularity as a pillar of the EU's critical raw materials strategy

Published: 22 April 2026
E-paper
The EU has made circularity central to its critical raw materials strategy, with the Clean Industrial Deal and forthcoming Circular Economy Act as key instruments. Four policy pillars show real ambition — but blind spots persist: recycling faces structural limits, international partnerships remain underdeveloped, and export restrictions risk a "circular divide" between wealthy and developing economies. Our new e-paper by Cláudia Azevedo analyses what the EU is getting right, and where it must go further.
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Small modular reactors – smaller regulation?

Published: 5 March 2026
Böll EU Brief
This Böll EU Brief critically assesses the prospects of small modular reactors (SMRs) in Europe. It finds that most SMR designs remain in early development, lack regulatory approval in the EU, and are unlikely to deliver electricity at scale before 2050. Technical, economic and political challenges – including high costs, unresolved waste management, proliferation risks and heterogeneous designs – undermine claims of rapid deployment and cost reductions. The authors conclude that prioritising renewables, storage and electrification is a more credible pathway for timely decarbonisation.
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Sustainability for Resilience

Published: 4 March 2026
E-paper
At the 2025 NATO Summit in The Hague, allies pledged to spend 5% of GDP on defence by 2035 – including 1.5% for resilience and security-related investment. Yet what counts towards this 1.5% remains unclear. As European governments face mounting fiscal pressure, funds must be spent wisely. Strategic investment in infrastructure, rail, clean energy, resilient supply chains and nature restoration could reinforce deterrence, strengthen economic competitiveness and address climate and biodiversity risks in tandem.

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